07/30/2026

Trade Unions Are Not Obsolete- They Must Evolve

Trade Unions Are Not Obsolete- They Must Evolve
Have India's new Labour Codes weakened trade unions-or merely challenged them to reinvent themselves? Drawing on over four decades of experience in Trade union movement, labour relations and policy, Virjesh Upadhyay offers a nuanced perspective on collective bargaining, grievance redressal, employer accountability, and the emerging role of gig workers. His message is clear: the future of trade unionism lies in relevance, responsibility, and reform- not resistance.

How will Labour Code provisions impact trade union dynamics? Will it increase stability-or conflict?

VU The Industrial Relations Code, 2020 has changed the way collective bargaining works in India. It has introduced the idea of a negotiating union, which needs to have at least 51% of the workers as its members.. There can be a negotiating council. This is supposed to make things more straightforward and reduce rivalry between unions. In theory this can make negotiations easier reduce the number of demands and create a stable environment at work. However just changing the rules is not enough to guarantee that everything will be okay.

The way trade unions work is shaped by the economic conditions around them. With all the changes happening in the world like technology and global supply chains unions need to adapt. They need to focus on helping workers get the skills they need bargaining for pay and fighting for social security. If unions do not change and just stick to their ways they might become less important. Conflict is not...

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Virjesh Upadhyay

Chairman, Dattopant Thengadi National Board for Workers’ Education and Development (DTNBWED).

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Virjesh Upadhyay

Chairman, Dattopant Thengadi National Board for Workers’ Education and Development (DTNBWED).

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