1. Introduction
India’s consolidation of labour laws into four codes aims to simplify compliance and modernise industrial relations. The Industrial Relations Code, 2020, emphasizes internal dispute resolution through Grievance Redressal Committees (GRCs), marking a shift from reactive adjudication to preventive, workplace-level mechanisms. GRCs provide a time-bound forum for resolving individual grievances, reducing reliance on external processes. Their functioning is shaped by the Rules, which operationalise statutory provisions. Following the Code’s commencement in November 2025, GRCs assume practical importance. This article analyses their statutory basis, procedural framework, and role as an effective first-line mechanism for workplace dispute resolution.
2. Legislative Background and Evolution
The framework for internal grievance redressal under the Industrial Relations Code, 2020 represents a continuation and refinement of earlier labour law approaches. Historically, workplace grievances were addressed...
