11/01/2026

AI, Work and The Future of Employment: Towards a New Social Contract

AI, Work and The Future of Employment: Towards a New Social Contract
Artificial Intelligence and automation are reshaping the world of work at an unprecedented pace. They offer the promise of higher productivity, safer workplaces, new skills and more meaningful jobs, but they also raise legitimate concerns about employment security, wages, surveillance and the changing nature of worker-management relations. In this wide-ranging conversation, Virjesh Upadhyay, examines how employers, workers, trade unions and governments can navigate this transition. He argues that the objective should not be to resist technological progress, but to ensure that its benefits are shared fairly and that workers remain participants, not casualties of technological change. The discussion explores reskilling, redeployment, collective bargaining, algorithmic management, worker data, the future role of trade unions and the need for a new social contract that combines enterprise competitiveness with human dignity.

From a worker’s perspective, what are the biggest opportunities and risks that AI and automation present to employment, wages, job security and working conditions?

VU AI and automation present both significant opportunities and substantial risks for workers. Their impact will depend less on the technology itself and more on how society chooses to deploy and govern it. The greatest opportunity is the possibility of liberating workers from repetitive, dangerous and physically exhausting work. If machines can undertake hazardous operations, repetitive processing or tasks requiring continuous monitoring, workers can increasingly move towards activities requiring judgement, creativity, problem-solving, communication and human interaction. AI can also create entirely new occupations and skill requirements in areas such as data, robotics, cyber security, AI supervision, machine maintenance, digital services and human-machine collaboration. Technology can therefore improve occupational safety, increase productivity and potentially create...

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Virjesh Upadhyay

currently is Chairman, Dattopant Thengadi National Board for Workers' Education and Development (DTNBWED). He has been a prominent national-level trade union leader associated with Bharatiya Mazdoor Sangh. (BMS)

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Author

Virjesh Upadhyay

currently is Chairman, Dattopant Thengadi National Board for Workers' Education and Development (DTNBWED). He has been a prominent national-level trade union leader associated with Bharatiya Mazdoor Sangh. (BMS)

November 2026

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